',right:'
t = \frac{S}{R_{\mathrm{eff}}} \quad \text{where} \quad R_{\mathrm{eff}} = \bigl(\min(R_{\mathrm{line}},\, R_{\mathrm{cap}}\times N)\bigr)\times (1 - \mathrm{OH})
$ t = \frac{S}{R_{\mathrm{eff}}} \quad \text{where} \quad R_{\mathrm{eff}} = \bigl(\min(R_{\mathrm{line}},\, R_{\mathrm{cap}}\times N)\bigr)\times (1 - \mathrm{OH}) $ \(S\) = file size (bits), \(R_{\mathrm{line}}\) = nominal line rate (bits/s), \(R_{\mathrm{cap}}\) = server per-connection cap (bits/s, optional), \(N\) = parallel streams, \(\mathrm{OH}\) = overhead fraction (e.g., 0.10 for 10%), \(t\) = time (seconds).