Business Finance & Ratios

Business loan, depreciation, break-even, commissions, inflation, currency, and a full suite of liquidity, leverage, and profitability ratios.

Business ratio inputs

How to Use This Calculator

Enter your top-line revenue, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and financing parameters to unravel the true profitability and capital efficiency of your business. Adjust liquidity and capital structure inputs to see how ratios respond before you commit to strategic moves.

Results update instantly when you tap Calculate or modify an input. Use the highlighted KPIs to compare scenarios over time or versus peer benchmarks.

Methodology

We compute profitability by subtracting aligned costs from revenue to surface gross and operating profit before applying interest and tax assumptions. Liquidity is derived from current assets versus liabilities, while debt-to-equity reflects long-term funding choices. The engine keeps all math deterministic, rounding every output to two decimal places so you can compare snapshots reliably.

  • Gross and operating margins express how much of each dollar in revenue stays after covering direct and running costs.
  • Net profit incorporates financing and tax assumptions, translating into the figure highlighted at the top of the results card.
  • Liquidity and leverage ratios signal how prepared your business is for short-term obligations and growth investments.
Figures are estimates that rely on the inputs you provide; re-check assumptions before acting on them and consult a financial professional for firm-level decisions.

Full original guide (expanded)

Analyze liquidity, leverage, efficiency, and profitability; compute pricing and discounts; and model loans, depreciation, and currency effects for everyday decisions.

Business Loan

Amortization & balloons.

Depreciation

Straight-line & MACRS.

Break-Even

CM vs. fixed costs.

Commission

Tiered/flat plans.

Percentage

Change & part-whole.

Discounts

Stack & reverse.

Inflation

Deflate/inflate values.

Currency

Spot conversions.

Current Ratio

Working capital view.

Quick Ratio

Exclude inventory.

Cash Ratio

Most conservative.

Debt-to-Assets

Leverage vs. assets.

Debt-to-Equity

Capital structure.

Interest Coverage

EBIT vs. interest.

Inventory Turnover

COGS & DOH link.

Receivables Turnover

Collections & DSO.

Total Asset Turnover

Revenue per asset.

ROA

Profit vs. assets.

ROE

Drivers of return.

P/E

Price vs. earnings.

P/B

Price vs. book.

P/S

Price vs. sales.

Dividend Yield

Forward/trailing.

EPS

Basic & diluted.

DuPont

ROE breakdown.

EVA

Residual income.

Altman Z

Bankruptcy risk.

SGR

ROE & payout.

HHI

Market concentration.
Audit: Complete
Formulas

This section shows the formulas used by the calculator engine, plus variable definitions and units.

Formula (extracted LaTeX)

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Variables and units

  • P = principal (loan amount) (currency)
  • r = periodic interest rate (annual rate ÷ payments per year) (1)
  • n = total number of payments (years × payments per year) (count)
  • M = periodic payment for principal + interest (currency)
Citations
Changelog
Version: 0.1.0-draft
Last code update: 2026-01-19
0.1.0-draft · 2026-01-19
  • Initial audit spec draft generated from HTML extraction (review required).
  • Verify formulas match the calculator engine and convert any text-only formulas to LaTeX.
  • Confirm sources are authoritative and relevant to the calculator methodology.
✓ Verified by Ugo Candido Last Updated: 2026-01-19 Version 0.1.0-draft
Version 1.5.0
; return symbol + round2(safe).toFixed(2); } }; const fmtPercent = (val) => { const safe = Number.isFinite(val) ? val : 0; return `${round2(safe).toFixed(2)}%`; }; const els = { revenue: document.getElementById('revenue'), cogs: document.getElementById('cogs'), opex: document.getElementById('opex'), interest: document.getElementById('interest'), taxRate: document.getElementById('taxRate'), currency: document.getElementById('currency'), currentAssets: document.getElementById('currentAssets'), currentLiabilities: document.getElementById('currentLiabilities'), totalAssets: document.getElementById('totalAssets'), totalLiabilities: document.getElementById('totalLiabilities'), equity: document.getElementById('equity'), netProfitValue: document.getElementById('netProfitValue'), grossProfitValue: document.getElementById('grossProfitValue'), grossMarginValue: document.getElementById('grossMarginValue'), operatingMarginValue: document.getElementById('operatingMarginValue'), currentRatioValue: document.getElementById('currentRatioValue'), debtToEquityValue: document.getElementById('debtToEquityValue'), errorBox: document.getElementById('errorBox'), calcBtn: document.getElementById('calcBtn'), resetBtn: document.getElementById('resetBtn') }; const defaults = { revenue: '1200000', cogs: '600000', opex: '250000', interest: '20000', taxRate: '25', currency: 'USD', currentAssets: '300000', currentLiabilities: '180000', totalAssets: '1500000', totalLiabilities: '600000', equity: '900000' }; function parseInputs() { const parseValue = (el) => parseFloat(el.value); return { revenue: parseValue(els.revenue), cogs: parseValue(els.cogs), opex: parseValue(els.opex), interest: parseValue(els.interest), taxRate: parseValue(els.taxRate), currency: els.currency.value, currentAssets: parseValue(els.currentAssets), currentLiabilities: parseValue(els.currentLiabilities), totalAssets: parseValue(els.totalAssets), totalLiabilities: parseValue(els.totalLiabilities), equity: parseValue(els.equity) }; } function validate(inputs) { const errors = []; if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.revenue) || inputs.revenue <= 0) { errors.push('Revenue must be greater than 0.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.cogs) || inputs.cogs < 0) { errors.push('Cost of goods sold must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.opex) || inputs.opex < 0) { errors.push('Operating expenses must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.interest) || inputs.interest < 0) { errors.push('Interest expense must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.taxRate) || inputs.taxRate < 0 || inputs.taxRate > 100) { errors.push('Tax rate must be between 0 and 100.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.currentAssets) || inputs.currentAssets < 0) { errors.push('Current assets must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.currentLiabilities) || inputs.currentLiabilities < 0) { errors.push('Current liabilities must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.totalAssets) || inputs.totalAssets < 0) { errors.push('Total assets must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.totalLiabilities) || inputs.totalLiabilities < 0) { errors.push('Total liabilities must be 0 or greater.'); } if (!Number.isFinite(inputs.equity) || inputs.equity < 0) { errors.push('Shareholder equity must be 0 or greater.'); } return { ok: errors.length === 0, errors }; } function compute(inputs) { const grossProfit = inputs.revenue - inputs.cogs; const operatingProfit = grossProfit - inputs.opex; const preTaxProfit = operatingProfit - inputs.interest; const netProfit = preTaxProfit * (1 - inputs.taxRate / 100); const grossMarginPct = inputs.revenue > 0 ? (grossProfit / inputs.revenue) * 100 : 0; const operatingMarginPct = inputs.revenue > 0 ? (operatingProfit / inputs.revenue) * 100 : 0; const currentRatio = inputs.currentLiabilities > 0 ? inputs.currentAssets / inputs.currentLiabilities : null; const debtToEquity = inputs.equity > 0 ? inputs.totalLiabilities / inputs.equity : null; return { grossProfit: round2(grossProfit), operatingProfit: round2(operatingProfit), netProfit: round2(netProfit), grossMarginPct: round2(grossMarginPct), operatingMarginPct: round2(operatingMarginPct), currentRatio: currentRatio !== null ? round2(currentRatio) : null, debtToEquity: debtToEquity !== null ? round2(debtToEquity) : null }; } function format(outputs, inputs) { return { netProfit: fmtCurrency(outputs.netProfit, inputs.currency), grossProfit: fmtCurrency(outputs.grossProfit, inputs.currency), grossMargin: fmtPercent(outputs.grossMarginPct), operatingMargin: fmtPercent(outputs.operatingMarginPct), currentRatio: outputs.currentRatio !== null ? outputs.currentRatio.toFixed(2) : '—', debtToEquity: outputs.debtToEquity !== null ? outputs.debtToEquity.toFixed(2) : '—' }; } function render(formatted, errors) { if (errors && errors.length > 0) { els.errorBox.style.display = 'block'; els.errorBox.textContent = errors.join(' '); } else { els.errorBox.style.display = 'none'; els.errorBox.textContent = ''; } if (formatted) { els.netProfitValue.textContent = formatted.netProfit; els.grossProfitValue.textContent = formatted.grossProfit; els.grossMarginValue.textContent = formatted.grossMargin; els.operatingMarginValue.textContent = formatted.operatingMargin; els.currentRatioValue.textContent = formatted.currentRatio; els.debtToEquityValue.textContent = formatted.debtToEquity; } } function update() { const inputs = parseInputs(); const validation = validate(inputs); if (!validation.ok) { render(null, validation.errors); return; } const outputs = compute(inputs); const formatted = format(outputs, inputs); render(formatted, null); } els.calcBtn.addEventListener('click', update); els.resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { Object.keys(defaults).forEach((key) => { if (!els[key]) return; els[key].value = defaults[key]; }); const debouncedUpdate = debounce(update, 100); document.querySelectorAll('#inputsCard input, #inputsCard select, #inputsCard textarea') .forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('input', debouncedUpdate); el.addEventListener('change', debouncedUpdate); }); update(); }); el.addEventListener('change', debouncedUpdate); }); update(); })();