A-a Gradient Calculator

This advanced calculator is designed for healthcare professionals to compute the alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient, an important measure for assessing lung function.

Inputs

How to use

Enter PaO2, FiO2 (as a decimal such as 0.21), and PaCO2 in mmHg. Click Calculate to compute the A-a gradient.

Methodology

This calculator uses the standard A-a gradient relationship between inspired oxygen, carbon dioxide, and measured arterial oxygen.

  • PaO2 and PaCO2 are in mmHg.
  • FiO2 is entered as a fraction between 0 and 1.

Glossary of Terms

  • PaO2: Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.
  • FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen.
  • PaCO2: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

How It Works: A Step-by-Step Example

Consider a patient with PaO2 of 85 mmHg, FiO2 of 0.21, and PaCO2 of 40 mmHg. The A-a gradient can be calculated as follows:

A-a Gradient = (0.21 × (760 - 47) - (40 / 0.8)) - 85 = 10.7 mmHg

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the A-a gradient used for?

The A-a gradient is used to identify issues with oxygen transfer from the alveoli to the blood.

Is a higher A-a gradient concerning?

Yes, a higher A-a gradient may indicate issues such as pulmonary embolism or fibrosis.

Can this calculator be used for all patients?

This calculator is intended for healthcare professionals and may not be suitable for all patient situations.

What units should be used?

PaO2 and PaCO2 should be entered in mmHg, and FiO2 as a decimal (e.g., 0.21 for 21%).

How often should the A-a gradient be checked?

The frequency depends on the clinical scenario; consult with a healthcare provider for guidance.

Full original guide (expanded)

This calculator uses standard formulas for the A-a gradient based on medical research. View details at the source link in the citations section.

Formulas

A-a Gradient:

\[ A\text{-}a = (FiO_2 \times (760 - 47) - (PaCO_2 / 0.8)) - PaO_2 \]
  • $FiO_2$: Fraction of inspired oxygen (decimal)
  • $PaO_2$: Arterial oxygen partial pressure (mmHg)
  • $PaCO_2$: Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (mmHg)
Citations

Sources (authoritative):

Changelog
Changelog
Version: 0.1.0-draft
Last code update: 2026-01-19
0.1.0-draft · 2026-01-19
  • Initial audit spec draft generated from HTML extraction (review required).
  • Verify formulas match the calculator engine and convert any text-only formulas to LaTeX.
  • Confirm sources are authoritative and relevant to the calculator methodology.
Verified by Ugo Candido on 2026-01-19
Last Updated: 2026-01-19
Version 0.1.0-draft