Orbital Maneuver (Hohmann Transfer) Calculator
This Hohmann Transfer Calculator helps aerospace engineers and students calculate the energy-efficient transfer between two circular orbits. It is a crucial tool for planning orbital maneuvers, ensuring minimal fuel usage, and optimizing spacecraft trajectories.
Calculate Your Orbital Transfer
Results
Data Source and Methodology
Calculations are based on standard orbital mechanics formulas as presented in the textbook "Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students" by Howard D. Curtis. All calculations adhere strictly to the data provided in this source.
The Formula Explained
\[\Delta V_1 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{r_1}} \times \left(\sqrt{\frac{2r_2}{r_1+r_2}} - 1\right)\]
\[\Delta V_2 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{r_2}} \times \left(1 - \sqrt{\frac{2r_1}{r_1+r_2}}\right)\]
Total \(\Delta V\) = \(\Delta V_1 + \Delta V_2\)
Glossary of Terms
- Delta-V: The change in velocity required to perform the maneuver.
- Radius of Initial Orbit: The radius of the starting circular orbit.
- Radius of Final Orbit: The radius of the target circular orbit.
- μ (mu): The standard gravitational parameter of the central body.
How It Works: A Step-by-Step Example
Consider transferring between two orbits with radii 7000 km and 14000 km. Input these values into the calculator to find the total Delta-V required using the above formulas.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is a Hohmann Transfer?
A Hohmann Transfer is an orbital maneuver used to transfer between two circular orbits in the same plane with minimal energy consumption.
Why is Delta-V important?
Delta-V represents the velocity change required for a maneuver. It directly relates to the amount of propellant needed.
What is the significance of gravitational parameter (μ)?
It represents the product of the gravitational constant and the mass of the celestial body, crucial for calculating orbital dynamics.
How accurate is this calculator?
Our calculations are based on standard formulas and are accurate for ideal conditions. Real-world factors may vary results slightly.
Can this calculator be used for non-circular orbits?
This specific calculator is designed for transfers between circular orbits only.
Formula (LaTeX) + variables + units
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\Delta V_1 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{r_1}} \times \left(\sqrt{\frac{2r_2}{r_1+r_2}} - 1\right)
\Delta V_2 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{r_2}} \times \left(1 - \sqrt{\frac{2r_1}{r_1+r_2}}\right)
\[\Delta V_1 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{r_1}} \times \left(\sqrt{\frac{2r_2}{r_1+r_2}} - 1\right)\] \[\Delta V_2 = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{r_2}} \times \left(1 - \sqrt{\frac{2r_1}{r_1+r_2}}\right)\] Total \(\Delta V\) = \(\Delta V_1 + \Delta V_2\)
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Last code update: 2026-01-19
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